Digitalization Transformation and its Challenges in Shipping Operation: The case of seafarer’s cognitive human factor

Industry 4.0, as the most disruptive industrial revolution, is reshaping industries by coupling cyber to physical systems. The current digitalization has its root in digitization introduced 3.0, where it made a foundation for gradual migration 4.0. Respectively, Shipping 3.0 automation and computerized systems onboard ships paved way entering In turn, ultimate goal of 4.0 full autonomy through implementation autonomous shipping. introduction shipping not only modifies maritime workplaces but also changes jobs’ definitions role seafarers human element system. However, journey will take industry different steps before become fully autonomous. International Maritime Organization (IMO) defined these four degrees from traditional smart This implies that, at same time, seafarers’ required skills competencies gradually evolve with ship's transition next degree. review literature about shows that so far, focus researchers mainly on innovation technology ships. cognitive factor process yet be investigated. paper aims explore effects adaptation factor. illustrates how technological development changing evolving operators’ roles, responsibilities, training needs.